Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 1 to 8.
Urban vertical farming is transforming how modern cities think about food production. By growing crops in stacked layers inside controlled indoor environments, vertical farms eliminate the traditional dependencies on favorable weather and expansive tracts of arable land. LED lighting replaces sunlight, while advanced hydroponic systems deliver precise nutrient solutions directly to plant roots. Proponents highlight that this high-tech approach allows year-round production of leafy greens and herbs with up to ninety percent less water than conventional agriculture.
Efficiency, however, extends beyond resource conservation. Vertical farms can be constructed within abandoned warehouses or shipping containers right in urban centers. This close proximity drastically cuts transport distances, reducing carbon emissions and ensuring that produce arrives at local markets remarkably fresh. Furthermore, because these indoor facilities operate in sterile, sealed environments, they virtually eliminate the need for chemical pesticides, preventing harmful agricultural runoff into nearby rivers and ecosystems.
Despite these clear environmental benefits, vertical farming faces significant hurdles before it can feed millions. The initial capital investment for specialized sensors, climate control technology, and artificial lighting is exceptionally high. Operating costs also remain steep due to continuous electricity consumption, raising questions about its true sustainability unless powered entirely by renewable energy. Critics argue that until power grids become greener and equipment costs drop, vertical farming will remain limited to niche, high-value crops rather than staple grains that feed global populations.
The industry is nevertheless evolving rapidly. Engineers are developing energy-efficient automation systems to streamline planting and harvesting, while plant biologists are breeding crop varieties optimized specifically for indoor conditions. As technology matures, vertical farming may become a crucial pillar of sustainable urban planning, bridging the gap between cities and their food supply.
Read the following piece of news and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 9 to 14.
The Green Tech Expo 2026, held in Hanoi, has drawn a record (9) _______ of international green technology innovators and eco-conscious businesses. Organized (10) _______ by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, this event serves as a platform to demonstrate groundbreaking solutions for urban sustainability.
Among the exhibitors, EcoFuture Solutions, a pioneer in renewable energy, stands out as a (11) _______ contender for the Innovation Award. The company introduced a novel solar-panel system that captures kinetic energy from rain, delivering a highly (12) _______ performance during monsoon seasons.
The event, (13) _______ lasts until the end of the week, is anticipated to inspire young entrepreneurs and foster partnerships. Over recent years, such technological summits have helped Vietnam (14) _______ its global reputation as a rising hub for green technology in Southeast Asia.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best arrangement of utterances or sentences to make a cohesive and coherent exchange or text in each of the following questions from 15 to 19.
Read the passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the best answer to each of the following questions from 20 to 29.
We are currently experiencing the rapid rise of fast fashion – a business model centered on producing cheap, trendy clothing at breakneck speed. [I] To keep up with changing social media trends, clothing manufacturers release dozens of micro-seasons annually. While consumers enjoy access to budget-friendly apparel, the underlying environmental cost of this disposable culture is immense.
The global textile industry emits more greenhouse gases than international aviation and maritime shipping combined. Synthetic fibers like polyester, which require vast amounts of petroleum to produce, dominate fast fashion production. When washed, these garments shed millions of tiny microplastics into municipal waterways, eventually polluting ocean ecosystems. Advertising campaigns, however, frequently obscure this reality by highlighting small recycled collections while concealing the massive volume of virgin synthetics processed daily.
The term "greenwashing" accurately captures these corporate public relations tactics. [II] Facing rising public indignation regarding environmental damage, major retail brands have turned to clever marketing rather than reforming their global supply chains. Eco-friendly labels and vague slogans such as "planet-conscious" are widely used to reassure shoppers. Regulators globally struggle to curb these deceptive strategies, as legal frameworks often lag behind marketing innovation. [III] Financial investors, primarily focused on quarterly profits, rarely penalize companies for misleading environmental claims, perpetuating the status quo.
Why is this phenomenon so dangerous? Fast fashion greenwashing lulls society into a false sense of sustainability. [IV] By convincing buyers that purchasing a "green-labeled" shirt makes them environmentally responsible, it encourages continuous consumption rather than necessary reduction. Combating this crisis requires strict regulatory oversight, transparent supply chain reporting, and a fundamental shift toward durable, circular fashion.
Read the following leaflet and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 30 to 35.
Master Your Personal Finances!
Managing your money efficiently is crucial for long-term stability. (30) _______, many young adults lack proper financial planning and fall into debt traps, leading (31) _______ unnecessary anxiety. Here are practical steps to take control of your wallet:
Set clear financial goals for (32) _______ month to build your savings account systematically.
Always purchase (33) _______ within your planned budget.
Keep an accurate record of daily spending to prevent (34) _______ expenditure.
Invest in assets that offer long-term financial stability to ensure you get your money's (35) _______!
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the option that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 36 to 40.
Selecting the ideal vacation destination requires careful decision-making. Some travelers perform exhaustive research, comparing dozens of flight options and hotels, (36) _______. Conversely, other consumers who lack time (37) _______ to a small selection of package tours provided by trusted agencies, prioritizing convenience over finding the absolute lowest price.
Many individuals demonstrate brand loyalty, returning to the same resort year after year. (38) _______. This predictable behavior allows hotel operators to forecast demand easily and offer personalized loyalty discounts.
Finally, a growing segment of tourists purchases trips on impulse. (39) _______. While this spontaneous purchasing pattern benefits consumers looking for last-minute discounts, it presents operational challenges for tour operators who require advance bookings for resource planning. (40) _______, these late availability offers remain a effective mechanism for clearing unsold inventory quickly.
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